Elderly Abuse And The Elderly - 2410 Words

Abstract The elderly abuse dates in institutions date back to many years. The elderly persons have experienced many forms of abuse. The abuse ranges from physical to emotional and psychological abuse. The perpetrators in most cases conduct the abuse unintentionally. However, the fact remains that elderly abuse is a vice that needs to be rooted out in the elderly institutions. This paper makes an incisive analysis of elderly abuse with particular regard to the types and forms of the particular abuse. Nonetheless, in this paper, it is important to indicate that information on the extent of abuse in the elderly population is scant, and hence, it is not easy to validate the extent and severity of the cases of elderly abuse in the relevant institutions. Finally, the paper concludes with appropriate recommendations on how elderly abuse can be prevented and even managed. Elderly abuse in Institutions Introduction There has been a changing demographic trend towards an increasingly older population. This trend presents many challenges for the healthcare systems. Over the past few years, the main challenges have been the neglect and abuse of the elderly in institutions and care facilities. Neglect and abuse can occur in various ways and forms which range from financial abuse to self-neglect. These forms are mostly present in the rubrics of domestic violence; they occur with greater intensity and frequency in the institutional settings. However, it is imperative to indicateShow MoreRelatedElderly Abuse And Neglect Of The Elderly2651 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction: Elderly abuse is no longer the â€Å"quite as kept† family secret. Due to the economic pressures of families reuniting to make ends-meat and the medical treatment with improved diets, which adds to the length of life contributes to family stressors. These stresses may present themselves in the form of sexual, physical, psychological, emotional and fiscal abuse. This paper will give exposure to many known causes and treatment, analyze current and past data outlining the potential rise in abuse ofRead MoreElderly Abuse Issues1420 Words   |  6 PagesProtecting Canada’s Seniors Act, which increased awareness on the issues facing the elderly population of 65 years and above (Sibbal Holroyd-Leduc, 2012). This paper will examine three contemporary challenges facing the cohort, including elderly abuse, dementia, and polypharmacy, while preventative strategies and recommendations addressing these issues will be offered. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines abuse towards seniors as, a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurringRead MoreEssay on Elderly Abuse1518 Words   |  7 Pagestreats the elderly with passion and love, but I now know that I was wrong. The elderly people have been treated just as badly, if not worse then, in Japan. How could this be? The elderly are so innocent, loving, and have nothing but care for most people. How could anyone harm such a loving soul? These questions are more than likely going through many minds as I am writing this paper. In the United States most of the abuse has came from nursing homes, but in Japan more than likely the abuse is comingRead MoreThe Treatment Of Elderly Abuse1520 Words   |  7 Pages Treatment of Elderly abuse The types of treatment available to the victims of abuse will vary depending on each individual situation and type of abuse received; some of the most common forms of abuse come in the form of verbal and mental abuse. According to Martin (2014) working with adult victims remains very unpopular therefore treatment present a challenge in the human services field, some of the recommended intervention strategies included but are not limited to are the following. When any typeRead MoreThe Issue Of Elderly Abuse1957 Words   |  8 Pagesan estimated 5 million older Americans are victims of elder abuse, neglect, or exploitation. And that’s only part of the picture: Experts believe that for every case of elder abuse or neglect reported, as many as 23 cases go unreported† (World Elder Abuse Awareness Day). The issue of elderly abuse is a growing topic in our country because it violates three specific articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Elderly abuse and neglect is an increasing age discrimination issue in theRead MoreThe Neglect and Abuse of the Elderly778 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Neglect and Abuse of the Elderly It is an image that no one wants to imagine ¦your dear grandmother, sitting there in a nursing home all alone in a time of need. Maybe she needs something simple, like a glass of water, or maybe it is more serious like a horrible pain in her chest. The nurses there have simply ignored her requests for attention, or even worse, they mocked her for her pain and suffering. Our elders are a huge part of who we are today. They helped paved the road for our presentRead MoreSexual Elderly Abuse And Mistreatment1412 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual Elderly Abuse Mistreatment When I first started the research on sexual elderly abuse I know that it happens but didn’t know the extent of the finding until now how much emotional, physical, sexual, and financial mistreatment and potential neglect that our elderly endure. Elder sexual abuse is understudied and rarely understood. It is difficult to seek justice for elderly sexual abuse because the victims are over the age of 60 and frequently have medical conditions such as loss of memoryRead MoreA Shocking Case Of Elderly Abuse1250 Words   |  5 Pagessummer, local headlines read, Authorities raid Alzheimer’s personal care home and More Than a Dozen in Custody Following Elder Abuse Investigation. A shocking case of elderly abuse occurred in my own backyard; in a small town just minutes down the road. In the end, the owner and twenty employees of the Alzheimer s Care of Commerce were arrested. Some of the alleged abuse included patients being tied down with bed sheets, being double diapered so that they would not have to be changed as oftenRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Elderly Abuse1476 Words   |  6 PagesRetrieved May 1, 2009. The author of this article, David McKie a CBC crew member describes the situation of nursing homes in Canada. He talks about abuse from the staff and from the seniors. This article specifically refers to two examples in Canada of this abuse and it also states that about seventy percent of nursing homes are a dumping place for elderly who are â€Å"mentally unstable†. McKie states that it is difficult to know exactly what is going on in nursing homes because the staff are aware whenRead MoreEssay on Elderly Abuse and Neglect1387 Words   |  6 PagesWhen discussing abuse and neglect we often think of children first. That being said, children are not the only ones who will be abused and/or neglected. In fact, this happens to some elderly as well. While some elderly may be productive enough to care for themselves, others are not. The end result is a complete (or close to complete) dependency on someone else for their needs. In addition, just like with children, this depend ency can lead to abuse and/or neglect. There has been an increase

Child Welfare Authorities Became Aware Of The Abuse,...

On November 4th 1970, Los Angeles child welfare authorities became aware of the abuse, neglect, and social isolation of Susan â€Å"Genie† Wiley. Upon farther investigation, they discovered that Susan, a thirteen-year-old, had been severely maltreated by her father. Susan’s father came to a conclusion early in her life that she was socially unfit or â€Å"retarded’ and was ashamed of her. He hid her in the back bedroom of the Wiley home and kept her from neighbors, family, and friends. Thus leaving Susan unable to develop language skills learned from communicating and interacting with other people. She was taking away from her home and placed in the care of the state. Scientist and Psychologist took this as an opportunity to test hypotheses and theories on language acquisition skills. Susan learned gradually, but because she was not exposed to early childhood language skills, she was not able to retain the information permanently. Even today in her late fifties, she is ward of the state in California and has limited verbal skills. At initial assessment it is clear that Susan is in imminent danger of serious harm and should be immediately removed from her home. There are evident signs of physical, mental, and emotional abuse; possibly signs of sexual abuse; and she is significantly malnourished by her parents. Susan appears to look and act like a seven year old, but is in fact thirteen years old. She is currently not in the same home as her father, but is in her mother’s care, whoShow MoreRelatedChild Protection6556 Words   |  27 PagesEvery single child in the world regardless of race, culture, gender, age deserves to be loved, cared for and kept free from harm and abuse. Children have a right to enjoy their childhood free from violence, injury or abuse at the hands of adults. 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Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p.Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesRiver, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. 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Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Production Manager Senior Production Editor Freelance Development Editor Senior Designer Interior Design Senior Media Editor Senior Photo Editor Production Management Cover Design Cover Credit George Hoffman Lise Johnson Sarah Vernon Amy Scholz Laura Finley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlinRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesTopics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 CriticalRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesIntelligence Journey CASE STUDY II-4 Mining Data to Increase State Tax Revenues in California CASE STUDY II-5 The Cliptomaniaâ„ ¢ Web Store: An E-Tailing Start-up Survival Story CASE STUDY II-6 Rock Island Chocolate Company, Inc.: Building a Social Networking Strategy CASE STUDY III-1 Managing a Systems Development Project at Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. 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Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance Free Essays

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 0 Background of the study of Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Total Nigeria Plc. The Total Nigeria PLC is a privately held, owned and managed industrial lubrication, oil and gas manufacturing company spread across the geographical regions and districts in Nigeria. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company has been a part of the Nigeria manufacturing landscape since 1962 and has earned the reputation as one of the key suppliers for lubrication equipment, oil and gas products in the industry. It manufactures petrol, kerosene, diesel, cooking gas, car care products, insecticides and lubricants such as oilers spray systems, applicators and condition monitoring equipment. Total Nigeria Plc. is dedicated to selling its products through distribution. TOTAL is the world’s fourth-largest publicly-traded integrated oil and gas company, with operations in more than 130 countries spanning all aspects of the petroleum industry, including Upstream operations (oil and gas exploration, development and production, LNG) and Downstream operations (refining, marketing and the trading and shipping of crude oil and petroleum products ). TOTAL employees more than 95,000 employees worldwide, TOTAL reported sales of â‚ ¬153. 8 billion in 2006. TOTAL Upstream activities are carried out by three subsidiary companies in Nigeria. They are: 1. Total Export and Production Nigeria Limited (TEPNG) 2. Total Upstream Nigeria Limited (TUPNL) for oil/gas 3. Total Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Limited for gas. They are committed partners in Nigeria’s growth and improvement: what they take out of the ground, they put into the economy. Their long term vision is to remain Nigeria’s preferred operator, promoting the nation’s economy through their various activities, and all the while contributing positively to the sustainable development of its communities. Samuel Emeka Mbah (Unilag Research Paper): There is a general consensus that there exists a managerial problem of finding successful mechanism of retaining employees especially in a job environment that is characterized by constant yearnings for pay rise. Employee job satisfaction has influence on employee turnover in organisations. The implication of this is that the extent to which an organisation is able to retain its employees’ depend on the level of job satisfaction that are made available to these workers. Job satisfaction is known to have positive impact on employee turnover intentions. It means that dissatisfaction on the job increases or will increase the rate of employee turnover intention in organisation. Job satisfaction is how content an individual is with his or her job. Dessler (1978:37) refers to job satisfaction, ‘as the degree of needs satisfaction that is derived from and or experienced on the job’. He affirms to the ability of employees in an organisation aspirations, feeling happy doing their job with the hope that their needs will be achieved. A job is a group of positions, which involves essentially the same duties, responsibility, skill and knowledge†. Scholars and human resource professionals generally make a distinction between affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective job satisfaction is the extent of pleasurable emotional feelings individuals have about their jobs overall, and is different to cognitive job satisfaction which is the extent of individuals’ satisfaction with particular facets of their jobs, such as pay, pension arrangements, working hours, and numerous other aspects of their jobs. Consequently, the inability of employees to achieve their needs will amount to dissatisfaction because job satisfaction is a general attitude towards an individual’s job, and the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive. It has been observed that a person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitude towards the job while the person who is dissatisfied with the job holds negative attitude about the job. Also satisfied employees are known to show higher level work performance in organisations. By analysing job satisfaction an organisation can possibly increase positive outcomes such as employee satisfaction and performance, and may decrease absenteeism and turnover. 1. 1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Employees in Total Nigeria Plc. lay important roles, so employee’s satisfaction is a very essential one; hence there arises a need to study the job satisfaction of oil, gas and lubrication employees. The Total Nigeria Plc. has been a part of the Nigerian industrial setting for over 40years. Investigating the employee’s value-perception can aid in managers building and creating work environments that help them to achieve high levels of employee satisfaction. The intention of invest igating employee job satisfaction is therefore a step toward creating a healthy psychological contract for people at work (Palmer, 1999, Pg. ). This research therefore, seeks to evaluate the antecedents of employee turnover in the Total Nigeria PLC with a view to understanding its retention strategy. It would also evaluate the level of employee job satisfaction in relation to pay, nature of work and supervision as well as recommend ways of sustaining or improving on the company’s retention strategy. This research study would help in mapping out strategies and methods that would foster objective conclusions. 1. 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Job satisfaction can be used as a powerful tool to achieve goal congruency and enhance employee motivation. It has been observed and noted that employees who find self-identity within the organisational context are motivated even in the face of adversity and channel their efforts towards the achievement of organisational goals. The absence of employee motivation may have significant negative implications to the company achieving its strategy. The objectives of this research are: 1. To access the general level of job satisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. . To determine the nature of the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction level and their performance. 3. To determine the major sources of dissatisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. 4. To recommend some measures for improving the satisfaction level of the employees. This research will reinforce the knowledge on the holistic approach to job satisfaction from corporate strategy to individual level. It would also help in the acad emic understanding and development in the field of change management with specific reference to job satisfaction. It will be useful to Total Nigeria Plc. , other state owned enterprises, governmental and private sector organisations in Nigeria in the implementation of job satisfaction. It will give an overview of management and employees’ understanding of the whole concept of job satisfaction, their level of participation in its implementation, from strategy development, goal setting to performance reviews, and their perception regarding its impact on the achievement of corporate objectives. 1. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. How can the general level of job satisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. e accessed? 2. How can the nature of the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction level and their performance be determined? 3. How can the major sources of dissatisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. Be determined? 4. Recommend some measures for improving the satisfaction level of employees? 1. 4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 1. There is no association between working conditions and job satisfaction. 2. Ther e is no association between rewards provided and job satisfaction. 3. There is no association between welfare measures and job satisfaction. . There is no association between job security and job satisfaction. 1. 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1. Job satisfaction should be the major determinants of an employee organizational behaviour. 2. A satisfied employee will be having positive attitude towards his or her job and would go beyond the normal expectation in his or her job. 3. A person who places high importance on imagination, independence and freedom is likely to be poorly matched with an organization that seeks conformity from its employees. 1. 6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study included all employees of the organisation, with the exception of the researcher and the CEO and regional managers. All the findings and observations made in the study are purely based on the respondents’ answers which may be biased. Time and cost is also another constraint. 1. 6 DEFINITION OF TERMS PLC – Public Liability Company LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas TEPNG – Total Export and Production Nigeria Limited Unilag – University of Nigeria, Lagos State CEO – Chief Executive Officer TUPNL – Total Upstream Nigeria Limited How to cite Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance, Essay examples

Alchemy of Qualitative Management Research †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Alchemy of Qualitative Management Research. Answer: Introduction Today, teen pregnancy remains a global concern due to the public health concern of the issue. Early pregnancy or teenage pregnancy refers to pregnancy among females aged below 20 years. The consequences of early pregnancy extend further from health risks to consequences such as poverty, welfare dependence, domestic violence and academic failure among other consequences as described by (New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH), 2005). According to Sedgh et al (2014, p. 225), The United States has the highest number of early pregnancies for teenagers aged between 15-19 years with 57 pregnancies per 1000 women. Bishop (2013, p.1) States that teen pregnancy in Australia rated at 16 births per 1000 women in 2010. Various research relating to teen pregnancy have been conducted in different locations. This essay will critically analyse, compare and evaluate individual article on its method of research, data analysis and collection, purpose of the study and find. The essay will also find the weakness, strength, and rigor of the research article. The appraisal will be done on three articles researching on teen pregnancy in East Devon- England, New Mexico-USA, and Melbourne- Australia. The goal of the study was to investigate the experience of teenage mothers and their expectations about their future, a study carried out in East Devon, England. The research used purposive sampling to pick a homogeneous group of women who had a pregnancy at their teenage ages. The research used purposive sampling to gather a sample of the population for the study. Purposive sampling technique is one of the most reliable sampling techniques for qualitative studies needing information-rich cases as well as ensuring maximum use of limited resources (Palinkas et al, 2013, p.2). The sampling technique entails identifying and selecting groups or individuals who have experienced or have adequate knowledge about a certain phenomenon of interest. Bernard (2002) adds that apart from experience and knowledge, the sampling technique identifies individuals who are also willing and available to participate and communicate their opinions and experiences in an expressive, articulative and reflectiv e manner. Seamark and Lings used interviews as the method for the research. Interviews are some of the most reliable qualitative study research methods which employ semi-structured techniques to seek the beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, and opinions of people based on their experience and knowledge (Edwards Holland, 2013, p.53). The researchers have also considered ethical guidelines throughout their research as they sought approval from the local research ethics committee in Exeter. The researchers also asked the interviewees for permission before interviewing them and promised them assurance of confidentiality. There are several flaws in this study. The study was only limited to one city (East Devon) the city is a holiday destination for the rich according to a publishing by Meades (2016). The researchers ignored the rest of the regions in England and based the conclusion of their study from findings from a single city. The choice of the area to collect the sample population questions the rigor of the research. According to Watts et al (2015, P.2), the majority of early motherhood happen in countries which are developing and amongst teenagers who live in socio-economically disadvantaged settings if they live in first wolrd countries. These characteristics do not fit the description of East Devon. The researchers could have done more research in wider geographical areas to cover a larger population in order to make the outcome of the research generalizable. In addition, the outcomes of the study might have lacked significant information as around 47% of the informants declined to be intervie wed. While the study might have done well in some parts like ethical considerations and use of semi-structured interviews, the demonstration of rigor was challenging. The study fails to provide the sufficient data sources across different regions as well as the limited participation of the target population as seen with the high rejection rate of interviewees (Liamputtong, 2013). The aim of the study was to determine the encounters that young African Australian who are refugees in Australia face during their early motherhood (Watts et al, 2015). The study employed interviews to seek the encounters of the young African-Australian refugees drawing upon the use of cultural competence and phenomenology frameworks. The use of Phenomenology was significant for this type of study as the framework is concerned with the elaboration of what is sensed, perceived and known from ones experience (Yksel Y?ld?r?m, 2015, p.2). The use of the phenomenology framework was critical in giving the researchers the ability to discover some aspects about a personal life which cannot be revealed through normal conversations or those which would not otherwise be revealed judging from individual cultural or social circles. The choice of using interviews was good as the methodology allows the respondent to narrate her experiences in a conscience way according to Roberts and Taylor (2002, p.388). The choice of the data collection area for the research was good based on the issue under investigation. As Watts et al (2015, P.2) state, the majority of cases of early motherhood are prevalent nonaligned nations and amongst youths who live in challenging socio-economical disadvantaged environment than if they live in first world nations. The researchers chose to conduct their study in Melbourne. Being one of the most populated cities in Australia the city is home to people from both economic divide (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). Melbourne is geographically a huge city with the diverse population. The choice to base the research on the city increases the reliability of the generalizations of the study. The researchers also paid attention to ethical considerations as pseudonyms were used for interviewees to ensure confidentiality. The researchers also sought the recognition of the Victoria University Human Research Ethics Committee. The article several has some flaws as it lacks some strategies which are meant to improve the rigor of the research through ensuring utility and trustworthiness which are implemented after termination of a study. According to Morse et al (2002, p. 17) argue that different strategies for ensuring rigor must be developed with the qualitative process per se. the research does not employ some of the strategies required like methodological coherence, investigator responsiveness, saturation and active analytic stance would have improved the rigor of the research. The goal of the research was to describe and discover behaviours and attitudes pertaining teen pregnancy as well as parenting among teenage Hispanic females emanating from long-term families in New Mexico. The chosen teens were those English was their primary language and had experienced motherhood and pregnancy in the 12 months before participation. The researchers used adopted the ethnography research methodology in sourcing specific information regarding complex interweaved and socially created behaviours. The use of the methodology was essential for the study as using a limited population enables collection of huge information as well as generating sufficient knowledge regarding a certain issue of interest according to Patton (2002). The research employed ethical considerations by securing the approval of institutional review Board from a major South-western University. Before the collection of data, informed consent was made to the teen, guardian or parent. The research analysis was conducted inductively by crystallization and immersion. According to Stewart (2017, P.9), the use of crystallization as a step towards inductive research is a move towards attaining truthfulness and trustworthiness. Truthfulness can be compared to trustworthiness as it strives for authenticity which improves quality within the crystallization process. The researchers employed different comparison methods and developed different evidence which reinforced credibility and trustworthiness as demonstrated by Yin (2011). Though the researchers made a good choice of using the ethnography research methodology, they do not give a justification to use the method since the research methodology is used for studies with limited time hence need to cover a small geographical area. Sanchez et al (2012, p.228) state that the researchers had sufficient time of the study with the over two years were spent in observation alone and one year in the analysis. The triangulation method used by the research according to Sanchez et al (2012, p. 228) was critical in ensuring dependability, credibility, and conformability of the study which ensures prevalence of rigor within the article. Conclusion All the issues relating to the purpose of each study was answered, incorporating studies from different countries like the USA, Australia, and England. The studies had different strengths especially in ethical considerations, provision of theoretical framework, and well-stated objective of the study as well as well-defined research findings. Other strengths entailed the use of different reliable data collection techniques which improved the reliability and rigor of the studies. Amongst the three articles, the Watts, Liamputtong, and McMichael (2015) research can be considered the best qualitative research. The article covered a wide region carefully analysing the target population which was selected from a different ethnicity, social setting and from the different economic background. The study by Seamark and Lings (2004) was well structured though it lacked reliability as the sample size was limited, the area of study was not suitable for conducting that type of study hence it lacke d reliable and valid generalization. Sanchez et al (2012) research was well conducted, used reliable methodologies and data analyses techniques. The adoption of triangulation method in the research improved the rigor of the research. With different flaws and strengths, the three articles provide sufficient information regarding the issue of early motherhood or teen pregnancy. References Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Regional Population Growth, Australia. Melbourne: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved April 12, 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0 Bishop, D. (2013). Teenage Pregnancy An Adolescent Health Issue in Australia. Nuritinga Issue, 1(1), 1-10. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/3875/1/3875.pdf Edwards, R., Holland , A. (2013, July 5). What is qualitative interviewing? . (G. Crow, Ed.) Qualitative Research Methods, 1(2), 1-124. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/3276/1/complete_proofs.pdf Meades, S. (2016, June 3). The ten most expensive seaside towns in the UK. Retrieved April 12, 2018, from Express: https://www.express.co.uk/travel/articles/676655/ten-most-expensive-seaside-towns-uk Morse, J., Barrett, M., Olson, K., Mayan, M. (2002, June 1). Verification Strategies for Establishing Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods , 1(2), 13-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690200100202 New Mexico Department of Health (2005) the State of Health in New Mexico 2005. Santa Fe, NM: New Mexico Department of Health. Osuchowski-Sanchez, M., Tigges, B., Mendelson, C., Lobo, M., Clark, L. (2012). Teen pregnancy and parenting: a qualitative study into attitudes and behaviours of teenaged long-term Hispanics in New Mexico. Journal of Research in Nursing, 18(3), 218-232. doi:DOI: 10.1177/1744987112455422 Palinkas, L., Green, C., Wisdom, J., Hoagwood, K. (2013, November). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Adm Policy Ment Health, 45(5), 1-13. doi:DOI: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y Patton M (2002) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Roberts K, Taylor B. (2002). Nursing research process an Australian perspective 2nd Ed. Southbank, Victoria: Thomson; Seamark, C., Lings, P. (2004, November). Positive experiences of teenage motherhood: a qualitative study. British Journal of General Practice, 813-818. Retrieved April 11, 2018 Sedgh, G., Finer, L., Bankole, A., Eilers, M., Singh, S. (2014, September 24). Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion Rates Across Countries:Levels and Recent Trends. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56, 223e230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.007 Stewart, H. (2017, February 1). Exploring the Alchemy of Qualitative Management Research: Seeking Trustworthiness, Credibility and Rigor Through Crystallization. The Qualitative Report, 22(1), 1-21. Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/httpsredir=1article=2604context=tqr Watts, M. C., Liamputtong, P., Mcmichael, C. (2015). Early motherhood: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of African Australian teenage mothers in greater Melbourne, Australia. BMC Public Health, 15(873), 1-11. doi:DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2215-2 Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. New York, NY: Guildford Press. Yksel, P., Soner, Y. (2015, January). Theoretical Frameworks, Methods, and Procedures for Conducting Phenomenological Studies in Educational Settings. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 6(1), 1-20. Retrieved April 12, 2018, from https://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/199867